Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common inherited blood disorder, affecting more than 100,000 people in the United States and 8 million people worldwide. 9 out of 10 people who have sickle cell disease in the United States have African ancestry, but individuals with Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, Central or South American, and South Asian origin are also at risk.
About 1 in 13 Black babies is born with sickle cell trait, meaning they inherited a sickle cell gene from one parent and can pass that gene to their child.
About 1 in every 365 Black babies is born with sickle cell disease, meaning they inherited a sickle cell gene from each parent.
According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), the disease gets its name from the abnormal ‘sickle’ or crescent shape some red blood cells can develop. This leads to a block in the flow of blood and subsequent pain. It can also lead to serious health complications such as chronic pain, stroke, lung problems, eye problems, infections, spleen issues, and kidney disease.
If you have sickle cell trait, you may never experience serious medical complications. However, in rare instances where the person needs more oxygen than usual, symptoms can occur. If you have sickle cell trait:
- Consider a meeting with a genetic specialist prior to family planning
- Be aware of special circumstances that could lead to symptoms:
- Intense physical activity
- High elevations or unpressurized airplanes
- Dehydration
- Extreme heat or cold
If you have sickle cell disease:
- See your healthcare provider regularly as scheduled
- Take your medications as prescribed and get all recommended vaccines
- Set up an action plan with your doctor ahead of time so you’re prepared for a crisis
- Manage stress and learn relaxation techniques
- Live a healthy lifestyle:
- Sleep 7-9 hours per night
- Choose heart-healthy foods such as with a DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan
- Get regular physical activity
- Avoid smoking and tobacco
Progress is being made with research, clinical trials, and new therapies on the horizon to combat this inherited disease so that those who are affected can live more fulfilling lives.
For more information, go to https://www.nhlbi.hih.gov/health/sickle-cell-disease